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As a member of the Indian Police Service, Kirpal Singh Dhillon served as director general of police in Punjab and Madhya Pradesh, and as joint director, Central Bureau of Investigation, among other challenging assignments. After retirement, he served a tenure as vice chancellor of Bhopal University and has also been a hockey administrator and a human rights advocate. He was the author of Defenders of the Establishment, Police and Politics in India and Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978 1993, and wrote essays on the Indian Constitution, human rights, minority issues and the Bhopal gas disaster. He was a fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla.